The end of SIM cards

SIM cards to eSIMs in mobile evolution is on the horizon

The evolution of mobile communications, greatly influenced by the SIM card, has significantly transformed everyday life. Companies like SpaceX’s Starlink are working on global satellite internet which could eventually power  smartphones to make calls and send messages without relying on  mobile networks. Mobile technology is advancing rapidly, and some industry professionals predict a future where SIM cards and traditional airtime are no longer necessary to make a call. The development of the mobile phone was one of several technological advancements in 1973 that marked a significant technological shift. Other notable inventions from the same year included Ethernet for the Internet and GPS navigation. The transformation of mobile phones over the last half-century from bulky luxury items to ubiquitous tools is remarkable. However, the less visible but crucial component in this transformation is the SIM card. Imagine this. You need to make an urgent call, but your SIM card is missing, or maybe you simply have no airtime or data bundles.

Giesecke+Devrient highlights its contribution to this evolution, having launched the first commercial SIM card in 1991. Originally intended as a simple authentication device to enable basic communication functions, the SIM card has evolved into a sophisticated security tool, facilitating numerous modern applications, including mobile banking and connected vehicles. Mobile technology is advancing rapidly, and some industry professionals predict a future where SIM cards and traditional airtime are no longer necessary to make a call. Yet, despite all odds, the call still connects, while this scenario might sound like something from a science fiction movie, experts say it could become a reality sooner than we think. Instead, future phones could rely on eSIM technology, Wi-Fi networks and satellite connections, allowing users to stay connected even in the most remote areas, without needing a physical SIM card or purchasing airtime.

The design of SIM cards has transformed over time, starting from full-sized cards to the currently popular micro and nano SIM versions. The next significant step in this evolution is the shift towards embedded digital SIM cards, or eSIMs, which are integrated into devices as chips rather than as separate, removable cards. Despite these changes, the core function of the SIM card remains: it verifies user credentials and establishes secure connections. This essential function makes possible the vast reach of mobile communications and the wide array of applications that have emerged over recent decades. “I believe we’re moving towards a world where the dependency on SIM cards will fade,” says Francis Mwangi, a Nairobi-based mobile technology analyst. “With innovations like eSIMs, Wi-Fi calling, and satellite connectivity, it’s clear that connectivity will soon become more about access to networks rather than just traditional carriers.” 

Dr. Philipp Schulte, CEO of G+D Mobile Security, emphasized the profound impact of smartphones and SIM cards on daily life. "We can no longer imagine everyday life without the functionality of a modern smartphone. Fortunately, we don't have to - thanks to mobile communications and SIM technology. But the evolution continues. 5G and the eSIM, in particular, will play a key role in unlocking new possibilities for consumers," he stated. Already, some smartphones, like certain iPhone and Samsung Galaxy models, feature satellite calling capabilities, primarily for emergencies. These technologies allow users to send messages or make calls even without cellular coverage. While these features are still limited, they point to a growing trend of SIM-less communication. Giesecke+Devrient foresees that as global network coverage expands and new devices become available, 5G technology will become even more widespread. This development will facilitate user experiences such as effortless recording of high-resolution videos and seamless roaming for travellers. The company predicts further enhancements in smartphones, which will feature improved cameras and displays and more integrated eSIMs. The eSIM technology offers convenience and flexibility, allowing users to activate mobile contracts swiftly and switch providers without needing to change physical cards. Additionally, eSIMs are seen as more secure and environmentally friendly, reducing the risk of tampering and the carbon footprint associated with traditional SIM cards.

A Namibian Grade 12 student, Simon Petrus, is making waves recently after he invented a mobile phone with no SIM card, which uses radio signals has already developed a technology which enables SIM-free calling by integrating satellite communication directly into phones, bypassing traditional carriers altogether. While still in its early stages, Petrus' invention offers a glimpse into a future where mobile calling could be completely revolutionised. But the question remains whether the West will support or "steal" his innovation. As often happens with ground breaking technologies, there is a fine line between collaboration and appropriation. If global tech giants or governments take an interest in Petrus' invention, it could bring much-needed attention and resources to refine his technology. However, there is also the risk that, without proper backing or acknowledgement, such a breakthrough could be claimed or overshadowed by larger players. “The next logical step is integrating these technologies into smartphones,” Mwangi explains. “If we can access global satellite internet on our  phones, the need for local telco services like airtime could diminish, especially in rural areas where network coverage is limited.”

For now, Kenya’s mobile landscape remains tied to its traditional systems, but with rapid technological advancements, it is clear that the future of communication may not depend on a SIM card or even airtime at all. Despite these advancements, Kenya’s  mobile network market, dominated by providers like Safaricom, Airtel and Telkom, remains heavily reliant on traditional SIM cards and airtime. As mobile carriers continue to play a significant role in local connectivity, a full shift to SIM-free calling would require both global tech shifts and local regulatory changes. It’s not a question of if this will happen; it is a matter of when we all shift to new system.