World’s Largest Hydroelectric Dam

  China plans massive renewable power, Spanning a staggering area ten times bigger than Paris

China’s new mega dam project is being built along Tibet’s Yarlung Zangbo River in the Himalayan mountains in Medog county (Motuo in Chinese). It is the highest major river in the world with the most hydroelectric potential. The $137 billion project will harness the power of gravity in the river’s steep descent of 2,000 meters over a 50-km stretch. The unveiling of the world's largest hydroelectric dam, an engineering marvel promising unparalleled energy capacity and significant geopolitical shifts, marks a pivotal moment in the global transition towards renewable energy sources. Some of the important points are as follows:-

The world’s largest hydroelectric dam promises a revolutionary shift in renewable energy production, with unmatched capacity.

The dam’s energy surplus could reshape geopolitical dynamics by altering regional power balances.

The project presents social challenges, including the need for fair relocation of affected local communities.

Engineers are employing innovative construction techniques to ensure the dam’s durability while minimizing environmental impact.

Graphic of Yarlung Zangbo River dam, planned to bring massive renewable electric power from the Himalayas to all of socialist China. The announcement of the construction of the world’s largest hydroelectric dam has sparked significant interest and raised numerous questions. This ambitious project promises to transform the global energy landscape. At a time when environmental and climate concerns are at the forefront, the approval of this infrastructure marks a decisive turning point. This massive hydroelectric project will generate 300 billion kilowatt-hours (KWh) of electric energy a year, three times the power of China’s Three Gorges Dam, which to date is the world’s largest and greatest producer of hydroelectricity. To give an idea of the scale, imagine a wall of water several hundred feet tall, stretching for miles. This construction requires monumental quantities of materials, with steel as far as the eye can see and tons of concrete. The site preparation has demanded years of geological, technical, and environmental studies to ensure the feasibility and sustainability of the structure.

The approval of the world’s largest hydroelectric dam marks a major milestone in the development of renewable energy. This ambitious project aims to produce a substantial amount of electricity while contributing to water resource management and combating climate change. The dam, whose construction has just been approved, is set to be a true colossus. With a capacity that surpasses all existing similar infrastructures, it redefines modern engineering standards. This ambitious project aims to produce an amount of energy equivalent to several nuclear power plants, all while relying on a renewable and sustainable source. The new mega-facility includes 28 dams at various stages of completion and several tunnels to divert portions of the water down steep slopes through one of the tallest mountains. The tunnels increase the steep elevation drop energy to maximize the amount of energy produced. However, these impressive dimensions do not come without consequences. The size of the reservoir, for instance, will lead to the inundation of vast areas of land, thus altering entire ecosystems. Local populations will also be impacted, with some needing to be relocated to allow the progress of the work. Managing these human and environmental issues is therefore crucial for the success of the project.

In addition to providing enough energy to power 50 million homes a year, the dam will help reduce carbon emissions in China’s effort to reach emission reduction goals by 2030 which could result in carbon neutrality before 2060. In terms of energy production, this dam promises to revolutionize electricity access for millions of people. With a production capacity estimated at several gigawatts, it could power entire metropolises, significantly reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source which emits very little greenhouse gases, making it a key player in the fight against climate change. The operation of this infrastructure could also stabilize the electrical grids of regions previously prone to frequent power outages. By diversifying energy sources, this project contributes to greater energy resilience against climatic and economic fluctuations. It is also likely to create local jobs, both during the construction phase and once the dam is operational. A delicate balance between renewable energy production and ecosystem preservation is required. Engineers and ecologists are collaborating to minimize the impact on local fauna and flora while meeting growing electricity needs. The construction of a dam of this magnitude poses serious environmental challenges. Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems risk being profoundly disturbed, with consequences for local biodiversity. 

China is the largest energy producer in the world and the leading producer of hydroelectric power at around 30% of the world total. Hydropower is the primary renewable energy source in China. In 2023, China also generated 37% of global wind and solar electricity, enough to power Japan. However, producing energy on this scale requires meticulous management. Seasonal variations in river flow must be accounted for to maximize the dam’s efficiency. Advanced technologies will be used to monitor and optimize production in real-time, thus ensuring optimal use of available resources. Moreover, the flooding of land to create the dam’s reservoir can lead to the loss of natural habitats and farmland. This raises the issue of environmental compensation and restoration measures which must be implemented to minimize the ecological impact. Environmental management plans must be rigorous and well-conceived to address these challenges. Socially, the displacement of local communities is a sensitive subject. People living on the flooded lands must be relocated, with fair and equitable compensation. Their participation in decisions and their consent are essential to avoid conflicts. An open and transparent dialogue with the concerned stakeholders is crucial for the project’s successful implementation.

2024 was the hottest year with the highest levels of greenhouse gasses ever recorded; a global average temperature rise of 1.6°C above estimated pre-industrial levels. Two studies related to Nature Climate Change report that “the world is moving into dangerous territory, perhaps more quickly than previously thought.” To successfully carry out a project of this magnitude, engineers rely on cutting-edge technological advancements. Innovative construction techniques are being implemented to ensure the structure’s strength and durability, while minimizing its ecological footprint. Computer simulation models play a key role in resource planning and management. Water flow management is optimized through automated control systems, allowing fine regulation of levels and flows. These technologies ensure not only the infrastructure’s safety but also its energy efficiency. Furthermore, they allow for the prediction and management of floods, thus protecting downstream populations. The integration of energy storage solutions, such as next-generation batteries, could enable smoothing production and responding to demand peaks. These innovations pave the way for a smarter and more sustainable use of hydroelectric energy, reinforcing its role in the global energy mix.

China is the world’s leading producer of hydroelectric power, generating around 29% of the total world output. Half of the world’s 10 largest dams are in China and a bigger one is under construction. China’s Three Gorges Dam, completed in 2012, is presently the world’s largest hydroelectric facility and power station. In addition to producing 103.6 billion KWh of energy annually, the dam located on the Yangtze River plays an important role in flood prevention, irrigation, drought control and improvement of navigation. The implementation of this new titanic project has repercussions which go beyond national borders. Geopolitically, the massive production of renewable energy can reduce dependency on traditional fossil fuel suppliers, thus altering power balances. Neighbouring countries could benefit from the surplus energy produced, strengthening regional ties and encouraging cross-border cooperation. Economically, the impact is also significant. The dam could boost the local and national economy through the creation of direct and indirect jobs. Local industries could experience a decrease in energy costs, thus stimulating innovation and competitiveness. Investments in transportation and communication infrastructures around the dam could also boost regional development.

Ultimately, the construction of this monumental hydroelectric dam raises as many hopes as questions. While its potential benefits in terms of sustainable energy production and economic development are undeniable, social and environmental challenges remain to be addressed. The success of this project will depend on our ability to combine technological innovation, responsible management and international cooperation. However, the initial costs and construction timelines are challenges to overcome. Financing must be assured, and financial risks well-managed to guarantee the project’s viability.  Controversy around the Three Gorges Dam included how the government handled the displacement of 1.3 million people living in the area. According to United Nations Symposium on Hydropower and Sustainable Development, 40% of China’s investment in the Three Gorges Dam financed the relocation of residents, which was carried out simultaneously with construction of the dam from 1993 to 2004. China built new cities and towns to relocate many displaced people. The success of this endeavour could pave the way for other similar projects, contributing to the global energy transition.

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The end of SIM cards

SIM cards to eSIMs in mobile evolution is on the horizon

The evolution of mobile communications, greatly influenced by the SIM card, has significantly transformed everyday life. Companies like SpaceX’s Starlink are working on global satellite internet which could eventually power  smartphones to make calls and send messages without relying on  mobile networks. Mobile technology is advancing rapidly, and some industry professionals predict a future where SIM cards and traditional airtime are no longer necessary to make a call. The development of the mobile phone was one of several technological advancements in 1973 that marked a significant technological shift. Other notable inventions from the same year included Ethernet for the Internet and GPS navigation. The transformation of mobile phones over the last half-century from bulky luxury items to ubiquitous tools is remarkable. However, the less visible but crucial component in this transformation is the SIM card. Imagine this. You need to make an urgent call, but your SIM card is missing, or maybe you simply have no airtime or data bundles.

Giesecke+Devrient highlights its contribution to this evolution, having launched the first commercial SIM card in 1991. Originally intended as a simple authentication device to enable basic communication functions, the SIM card has evolved into a sophisticated security tool, facilitating numerous modern applications, including mobile banking and connected vehicles. Mobile technology is advancing rapidly, and some industry professionals predict a future where SIM cards and traditional airtime are no longer necessary to make a call. Yet, despite all odds, the call still connects, while this scenario might sound like something from a science fiction movie, experts say it could become a reality sooner than we think. Instead, future phones could rely on eSIM technology, Wi-Fi networks and satellite connections, allowing users to stay connected even in the most remote areas, without needing a physical SIM card or purchasing airtime.

The design of SIM cards has transformed over time, starting from full-sized cards to the currently popular micro and nano SIM versions. The next significant step in this evolution is the shift towards embedded digital SIM cards, or eSIMs, which are integrated into devices as chips rather than as separate, removable cards. Despite these changes, the core function of the SIM card remains: it verifies user credentials and establishes secure connections. This essential function makes possible the vast reach of mobile communications and the wide array of applications that have emerged over recent decades. “I believe we’re moving towards a world where the dependency on SIM cards will fade,” says Francis Mwangi, a Nairobi-based mobile technology analyst. “With innovations like eSIMs, Wi-Fi calling, and satellite connectivity, it’s clear that connectivity will soon become more about access to networks rather than just traditional carriers.” 

Dr. Philipp Schulte, CEO of G+D Mobile Security, emphasized the profound impact of smartphones and SIM cards on daily life. "We can no longer imagine everyday life without the functionality of a modern smartphone. Fortunately, we don't have to - thanks to mobile communications and SIM technology. But the evolution continues. 5G and the eSIM, in particular, will play a key role in unlocking new possibilities for consumers," he stated. Already, some smartphones, like certain iPhone and Samsung Galaxy models, feature satellite calling capabilities, primarily for emergencies. These technologies allow users to send messages or make calls even without cellular coverage. While these features are still limited, they point to a growing trend of SIM-less communication. Giesecke+Devrient foresees that as global network coverage expands and new devices become available, 5G technology will become even more widespread. This development will facilitate user experiences such as effortless recording of high-resolution videos and seamless roaming for travellers. The company predicts further enhancements in smartphones, which will feature improved cameras and displays and more integrated eSIMs. The eSIM technology offers convenience and flexibility, allowing users to activate mobile contracts swiftly and switch providers without needing to change physical cards. Additionally, eSIMs are seen as more secure and environmentally friendly, reducing the risk of tampering and the carbon footprint associated with traditional SIM cards.

A Namibian Grade 12 student, Simon Petrus, is making waves recently after he invented a mobile phone with no SIM card, which uses radio signals has already developed a technology which enables SIM-free calling by integrating satellite communication directly into phones, bypassing traditional carriers altogether. While still in its early stages, Petrus' invention offers a glimpse into a future where mobile calling could be completely revolutionised. But the question remains whether the West will support or "steal" his innovation. As often happens with ground breaking technologies, there is a fine line between collaboration and appropriation. If global tech giants or governments take an interest in Petrus' invention, it could bring much-needed attention and resources to refine his technology. However, there is also the risk that, without proper backing or acknowledgement, such a breakthrough could be claimed or overshadowed by larger players. “The next logical step is integrating these technologies into smartphones,” Mwangi explains. “If we can access global satellite internet on our  phones, the need for local telco services like airtime could diminish, especially in rural areas where network coverage is limited.”

For now, Kenya’s mobile landscape remains tied to its traditional systems, but with rapid technological advancements, it is clear that the future of communication may not depend on a SIM card or even airtime at all. Despite these advancements, Kenya’s  mobile network market, dominated by providers like Safaricom, Airtel and Telkom, remains heavily reliant on traditional SIM cards and airtime. As mobile carriers continue to play a significant role in local connectivity, a full shift to SIM-free calling would require both global tech shifts and local regulatory changes. It’s not a question of if this will happen; it is a matter of when we all shift to new system.

Muhammad (Peace be upon him) Names